Comparative Efficacy of Two Bamboo-Derived Activated Carbons for Hospital Wastewater Remediation

Authors

  • Putu Hadi Setyarini Universitas Brawijaya
  • Hanum Surya Pembayun Universitas Brawijaya
  • Dwi Hadi Sulistyarini Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
  • Nuretha Hevy Purwaningtyas Universitas Brrwijaya
  • Francisca Gayuh Utami Dewi Universitas Brawijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/hge60084

Keywords:

bamboo charcoal, activated carbon, adsorptio, water quality, liquid medical waste.

Abstract

Liquid medical waste containing pathogens and hazardous chemicals can pollute the environment and endanger human health. The increasing volume of waste during the COVID-19 pandemic adds urgency to find effective and sustainable treatment methods. However, environmentally friendly and efficient solutions are still limited. This study aims to explore the utilization of activated carbon from two local bamboo species, Gigantochloa apus (GA) and Bambusa vulgaris (BV) as alternative adsorbents in the treatment of liquid medical waste. Two-year-old bamboo was traditionally carbonized and activated using 0.3 M sodium chloride solution. The 50 mesh charcoal powder was tested using BET surface area analysis with QUADRASORB evo™ instrument, morphology using FESEM (FEI Quanta 650), and pollutant reduction efficiency through pH, TDS (HAIK EZ 9909), COD (HACH DBR 200 closed reflux method), and BOD (Winkler method with BOD 6 VELP system) measurements. The results showed that GA activated carbon exhibited a much higher adsorption capacity due to its larger BET surface area compared to BV. In addition, pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) analysis showed that wastewater treated with GA activated carbon exhibited a greater reduction in TDS levels. The study also evaluated the reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), which confirmed that GA provided higher pollutant removal efficiency than BV. These findings underscore the potential of GA and BV as effective adsorbents for medical wastewater treatment, offering a sustainable solution to improve water quality and reduce environmental impacts associated with liquid medical waste.

Author Biographies

  • Putu Hadi Setyarini, Universitas Brawijaya

    Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. MT Haryono 167, Malang, Indonesia

  • Hanum Surya Pembayun, Universitas Brawijaya

    Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. MT Haryono 167, Malang

  • Dwi Hadi Sulistyarini, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

    Faculty of Industrial & Manufacturing Technology & Engineering (FTKIP), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka

  • Nuretha Hevy Purwaningtyas, Universitas Brrwijaya

    Scientific Departement of Family Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Universitas Brrwijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang

  • Francisca Gayuh Utami Dewi, Universitas Brawijaya

    Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. MT Haryono 167, Malang

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Published

2025-07-22

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): May - July

Section

Articles