Unlocking Indonesia’s Critical Minerals for Renewable Energy: Challenges and Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions

Andrew Cahyo Adhi; Nur Widi Priambodo; Muchammad; Tony Suryo Utomo; Reyhan Kevin   Akmal Setia Abdrian

doi:10.26877/2fesmr83

Authors

Andrew Cahyo Adhi PLN Research Institute
Nur Widi Priambodo PLN Research Institute
Muchammad Diponegoro University
Tony Suryo Utomo Diponegoro University
Reyhan Kevin Akmal Setia Abdrian Diponegoro University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/2fesmr83

Keywords:

Critical raw materials, Energy transition, Net-zero policy, Resource governance, Supply chain resilience

Abstract

Indonesia holds a pivotal role in the global renewable energy (RE) transition due to its abundant reserves of critical minerals like nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements (REEs). However, a significant gap exists between these resources and the technologies needed to leverage them, highlighting supply chain vulnerabilities. This qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), criticality matrix analysis, and value chain mapping to examine Indonesia’s mineral supply chains, sustainability, and Local Content (TKDN) policies. The findings reveal that despite its mineral wealth, Indonesia's inadequate management capacity complicates the achievement of TKDN goals and exposes supply chain deficiencies. The research advocates for developing downstream industries, adopting sustainable mining practices, and international collaboration. Policy recommendations include simplifying regulations, fostering innovation, and embracing circular economy principles, providing Indonesia with a strategic framework for its energy transformation.

Author Biographies

Andrew Cahyo Adhi, PLN Research Institute

PLN Research Institute, Kebayoran Baru, 12160, Jakarta, Indonesia
Nur Widi Priambodo, PLN Research Institute

PLN Research Institute, Kebayoran Baru, 12160, Jakarta, Indonesia
Muchammad, Diponegoro University

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Tony Suryo Utomo, Diponegoro University

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
Reyhan Kevin Akmal Setia Abdrian, Diponegoro University

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia

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