Geopolymer Bio-Patch Repair: Microbially-Induced Calcite and Pozzolanic Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Corrosion-Resistant of Reinforced Concrete Repair

Authors

  • Pinta Astuti Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Angga Jordi Wisnu Nouvaldi Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Aprilia Rahmayanti Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Pramudya Surya Shabura Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Muhammad Etandra Fara Adzani Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Dylan Ataa Tsany Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Indonesia
  • Adhitya Yoga Purnama Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia
  • Rahmita Sari Rafdinal PS. Construction Co. Ltd Japan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/asset.v8i1.2729

Keywords:

corrosion protection, fly ash, geopolymer mortar, microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), rice husk ash

Abstract

Indonesia’s archipelagic environment subjects concrete structures to severe corrosion and sulfate attacks, necessitating sustainable repair solutions. This study evaluates a geopolymer-based bio-patch repair mortar utilizing fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and Bacillus subtilis bacteria to induce Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP). While the silica-rich ashes act as pozzolanic materials, the bacteria enhance durability by reducing oxygen levels and lowering corrosion rates. Microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), both of which significantly improve mechanical properties. The research identified an optimum mixture of 93% FA, 6% RHA, and 1% bacteria, which achieved a compressive strength of 30 MPa, a density of 2.32 g/cm³, and a low water absorption rate of 3.25%. These results meet standard performance requirements, demonstrating that this eco-friendly geopolymer-MICP system is a viable and innovative contribution to structural repair in aggressive environments.

Author Biographies

  • Pinta Astuti, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Angga Jordi Wisnu Nouvaldi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Aprilia Rahmayanti, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Pramudya Surya Shabura, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Muhammad Etandra Fara Adzani, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Dylan Ataa Tsany, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, 55183, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Adhitya Yoga Purnama, Universitas Gadjah Mada

    Department of Civil Engineering, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Yacaranda, Blimbingsari, Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, 55281, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  • Rahmita Sari Rafdinal, PS. Construction Co. Ltd

    Limited Area Manager, PS. Construction Co. Ltd., 8F Tokyo Shiodome Bldg., 1-9-1, Higashi Shimbashi, Minato-ku, 105-7365, Tokyo, Japan

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Published

2026-01-31

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Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): November - January

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