Altitude-dependent Variation in Antibacterial Properties of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum): Implications for Natural Anti-Salmonella Agents

Authors

  • Dyah Ayu Widyastuti Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia
  • Tri Rini Nuringtyas Universitas Gadjah Mad Indonesia
  • Abdul Rohman Universitas Gadjah Mad Indonesia
  • Djoko Santosa Universitas Gadjah Mad Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/asset.v8i2.2781

Keywords:

altitude, disk diffusion, solvent fractionation, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum

Abstract

Red ginger contains diverse bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study investigated the influence of growth location on the anti-Salmonella activity of red ginger extracts from seven regions in Java, Indonesia. The fractions were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant capacity using DPPH and FRAP assays. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Salmonella using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results showed that methanol and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, while the chloroform fraction demonstrated the strongest radical scavenging activity. Extracts from Bumiaji and Lendah displayed the most potent anti-Salmonella activity (inhibition zone: 10.08 to 18.00 mm). These findings highlight that altitude and solvent polarity influence red ginger bioactivity, supporting its potential as a natural antibacterial source.

Author Biographies

  • Dyah Ayu Widyastuti, Universitas Gadjah Mada

    Doctorate Study Program for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

    Department of Biology Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Jl. Sidodadi-Timur No. 24 Semarang, Central Java 50232, Indonesia

  • Tri Rini Nuringtyas, Universitas Gadjah Mad

    Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

    Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

  • Abdul Rohman, Universitas Gadjah Mad

    Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

    Centre of Excellence Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Kaliurang Km 4, Sekip Utara, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

  • Djoko Santosa, Universitas Gadjah Mad

    Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

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Published

2026-03-31

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Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): February-April

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