ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SUNDA PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA DESMAREST, 1822) IN THE NATURE TOURISM PARK OF BUKIT TANGKILING, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v13i2.1127Keywords:
Distribution, Habitat, Sunda pangolin, TWA Bukit TangkilingAbstract
The Sunda pangolin, also known as Manis javanica, is a vulnerable mammal that can be found in Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. Unfortunately, due to hunting, poaching, land changes, and forest fires, particularly in Kalimantan, this species is now categorized as endangered on the IUCN Red List. To support conservation efforts and sustainability of the Sunda pangolin, it is crucial to gather more evidence about its ecological study and habitat. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of the habitat and distribution of the Sunda pangolin in the Bukit Tangkiling Nature Park, Central Kalimantan. We surveyed between February and June 2022 using a Visual Encounter Survey (VES) combined with burrow count methods and camera traps. The survey included vegetation, potential nest and prey, and abiotic factors for the Sunda pangolin. We found a total of two individuals using a camera trap in plot 1 and direct observation in plot 3. Additionally, we located five potential Sunda pangolin nests. According to the distribution map, the Sunda pangolin can be found in hilly and valley areas, with an estimated population of 7.14 individuals/Ha. Vegetation analysis revealed an importance value index (IVI) of 148.84% for Acacia mangium. Based on PCA results, the abiotic factors of air and soil humidity support the existence of the Sunda pangolin and its nests. We also identified eight species of Hymenoptera and one species of Isoptera, which are potential food sources for the Sunda pangolin. Overall, this study provides essential information to support conservation efforts and sustainability of the Sunda pangolin in Kalimantan.
References
Abensperg‐Traun M, Boer ESD. 1992. The foraging ecology of a termite‐and ant‐eating specialist, the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae). J. Zool., 226(2), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb03837.x
Akande OA, Fajobi EA, Buochuama A, Omole EB, Olaoye O, Alhassan AM. 2018. Distribution and Abundance of Pangolin ( Phataginus tetradactyla ) in Borgu Sector of Kainji Lake National. World News Nat. Sci., 21(October), 90–97.
Challender D, Willcox DHA, Panjang E, Lim N, Nash H, Heinrich S, Chong J. 2019. Manis javanica. IUCN Red List Threat. Species 2019, 8235(IUCN 2019: T12763A123584856), 1–26. www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 20 September 2024
Challender DWS, Nash HC, Waterman C. 2019. Pangolins: science, society and conservation. Academic Press.
Chong JL, Panjang E, Willcox D, Nash HC, Semiadi G, Sodsai W, Lim NTL, Fletcher L, Kurniawan A, Cheema S. 2019. Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822). In Pangolins: Science, Society and Conservation. INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815507-3.00006-X
Darusman LK, Masyus B, Nisa C, Iskandar E, Purwakusumah ED, Manshur A. 2012. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Habitat dan Populasi Trenggiling (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822): Studi Kasus di Jawa Barat, Sumatera Utara, Kalimantan Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah.
IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group. 2018. Methods for monitoring populations of pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae). In Report (Issue November). IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group and IUCN Global Species Programme.
Kelt DA. 2016. PhilliPPs’ field Guide to the mammals of borneo and their ecoloGy: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. J. Mammal., 97(5), 1484–1485. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw107
Kusmana C. 2017. Metode Survey dan Interpretasi Data Vegetasi. IPB Press.
Kuswanda W, Setyawati T. 2016. Habitat preference of Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) around Siranggas Wildlife Reserve, North Sumatera. J. Penelit. Hutan Dan Konserv. Alam, 13(1), 43–56.
Lim NTL, Ng PKL. 2008. Home range, activity cycle and natal den usage of a female Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Mammalia: Pholidota) in Singapore. Endanger. Species Res., 4(1–2), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00032
Manshur A, Kartono AP, Masyud B. 2015. Habitat Characteristics of Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanica) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park. Media Konserv., 20(1), 77–83.
Maryanto I, Maharadatunkamsi, Achmadi AS, Wiantoro S, Sulistyadi E, Yoneda M, Suyanto A, Sugartjito J. 2020. CHECKLIST OF THE MAMMALS OF INDONESIA: Scientific, English, Indonesia Name and Distribution Area Table in Indonesia Including CITES, IUCN and Indonesian Category for Conservation Biodiversity and Conservation View project BIFA Ecological monitoring data m (Third, Issue January). Research Center for Biology, LIPI. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338687953
Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenbergh H. 2013. Ekologi Vegetasi : Tujuan dan Metode (K. Kartawinata & R. Abdulhadi (eds.); 1st ed.). LIPI Press; Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853‑858. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Panjang E, Lim HY, Thomas RJ, Goossens B, Hearn AJ, Macdonald DW, Ross J, Wong ST, Guharajan R, Mohamed A, Gardner PC, Koh S, Cheah C, Ancrenaz M, Lackman I, Ong R, Nilus R, Hastie A, Brodie JF, … Abram NK. 2024. Mapping the distribution of the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) within natural forest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Glob. Ecol. Conserv., 52, e02962. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02962
Pietersen DW, Challender DWS. 2019. Research needs for pangolins. In Pangolins: Science, Society and Conservation (Issue 2). INC. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815507-3.00034-4
Priono Y. 2012. Pengembangan Kawasan Ekowisata Bukit Tangkiling Berbasis Masyarakat. J. Perspekt. Arsit., 7(1), 52–53.
Stephan W, Chris G, Khairil Fahmi F, Dicky S, Chan H, Beukeboom H, Soulisa N, Arum K. 2017. Supplementary Report: The Environmental Status of Borneo. https://doi.org/10.18356/9acdb355-en
Takandjandji M, Sawitri R. 2016. Analisis penangkapam dan perdagangan trenggiling jawa (Manis javanica) di indonesia. Anal. Kebijak., 13(2), 85–101.
von Rintelen K, Arida E, Häuser C. 2017. A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megadiverse Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Res. Ideas Outcomes, 3. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e20860
Withaningsih S, Noorahya F, Megantara EN, Parikesit, Husodo T. 2018. Nest existences and population of pangolin (Manis javanica desmarest, 1822) at the designated area of cisokan hydropower, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(1), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190122
