EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC GARLIC (Allium sativum) AND BITTER MELON (Momordica charantia) EXTRACTS ON SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND MALONDIALDEHYDE IN HIGH-FAT-DIET RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v15i2.4259Keywords:
Allium sativum, Antioxidant, Lipid peroxidation, Malondialdehyde, Momordica charantiaAbstract
This study compared the effects of ethanolic garlic (Allium sativum) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on total cholesterol and serum MDA in high-fat-diet rats. Thirty-five male Rattus norvegicus were randomized into seven groups (n=5): standard-diet control, untreated high-fat-diet control, simvastatin comparator, garlic extract at 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight, and bitter melon extract at 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight. Following 14 days of high-fat-diet induction, treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after the intervention (pre-test and post-test), while serum MDA was measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances method. Nonparametric analyses used Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Post-test cholesterol differed among groups (H=15.396; p=0.017), as did cholesterol change (H=15.208; p=0.019); however, the untreated high-fat-diet group had lower post-test cholesterol than the standard-diet and simvastatin groups 40 mg/kg body weight, and none of the extract groups differed significantly from the untreated high-fat-diet group. By contrast, MDA differed markedly (H=21.692; p=0.001). Garlic at 300 and 600 mg/kg and bitter melon at 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly lowered MDA relative to the untreated high-fat-diet group, with the lowest mean in the bitter melon 600 mg/kg group (2.72±1.52 nmol/mL). Both extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity, but the cholesterol findings require verification against the raw laboratory records before firm hypolipidemic conclusions are drawn.
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