Effect of Different Layers on the Performance of Laminate Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Textile Waste

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/asset.v8i2.2045

Keywords:

calico textile, waste, laminar, molding, morphology, mechanical testing

Abstract

Post-consumer textile waste poses significant environmental problems, but its potential for commercial recycling remains under-researched. Therefore, this study utilizes calico textile (CT) waste as reinforcement in polymer composites. The effect of layering number of CT in epoxy composite will be investigated. CT was varied with three layers, namely 1, 3, and 5 embedded in epoxy resin with the hand lay-up method in open molding. The mechanical testing of pure epoxy as a control point for tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 13.68 MPa, 16.44 MPa, and 0.013 J/mm². In tensile strength, the increase occurred in CT1 and CT3 by 21% and 39.7%, A significant rise of 43.5% occurred in the CT5 flexural test, and impact strength saw a significant jump from CT1 to CT3 by 58%. Overall, observations of the composite laminar tensile fracture morphology indicate that the longitudinal loading effectively increases the tensile strength. However, void bubbles were found between the textile layers, but this condition does not contribute a significant reduces the mechanical performance. Further research is recommended using the synthetic fabric waste as a reinforcement composite.

Author Biographies

  • Thomas Junaedi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

    Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sains Indonesia, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia

  • Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Universitas Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

    Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia

    Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Process, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia

  • Mohamed Reza Zalani, Universitas Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

    Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia

  • Al Ichlas Imran, Universitas Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

    Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia

  • Tezara Cionita, INTI International University

    Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, 47810 Selangor, Malaysia

  • Endah Murtiana Sari, Universitas Sains Indonesia

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sains Indonesia, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia

  • Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Universitas Negeri Semarang

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

  • Etanto Heiliano Wijayanto, Universitas Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

    1Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia

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2026-04-21

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Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): February-April

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