Microwave-Assisted Self-Healing of AC-WC Modified with Iron Powder: Mechanical Performance and Healing Rate

Authors

  • Amalia Firdaus Mawardi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-7711
  • Machsus Machsus Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Indonesia
  • Dadang Supriyatno Universitas Negeri Surabaya Indonesia
  • Achmad Faiz Hadi Prajitno Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Indonesia
  • Muhammad Fikri Nadhif Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Indonesia
  • Hazen Masrafat Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2345-0360

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26877/asset.v8i4.3297

Keywords:

Asphalt pavement, iron powder, self-healing, microwave heating, mechanical properties

Abstract

Conventional asphalt mixtures have limited microwave absorption, reducing the effectiveness of microwave-assisted self-healing. This study evaluates the effect of iron powder (0–10% by mass of fine aggregate) as additional fine aggregate in AC-WC mixtures on mechanical performance and microwave-activated healing behavior. Cylindrical specimens (63 mm × 100 mm; three per mixture) were tested using Marshall Stability and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) at 25 °C. Healing efficiency was determined by the ratio of post-heating ITS to initial ITS. Results showed that 10% iron powder increased Marshall stability by 36% compared to the control and achieved the highest healing rate of 76% after the first microwave cycle. However, repeated heating reduced healing performance due to overheating and accelerated binder aging. Iron powder improves early-stage self-healing but requires controlled dosage and heating conditions for long-term durability.

Author Biographies

  • Amalia Firdaus Mawardi, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

    Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Machsus Machsus, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

    Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Dadang Supriyatno, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

    Transportation Engineering Dapartement, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Achmad Faiz Hadi Prajitno, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

    Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia 

  • Muhammad Fikri Nadhif, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

    Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Hazen Masrafat, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

    Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia

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Published

2026-08-29

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Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): August-October

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